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| Sponsor, Recovery Coach, Addiction Counselor: The Importance of Role Clarity and Role Integrity |
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The recent growth in peer-based recovery support services as an adjunct and alternative to addiction treatment has created heightened ambiguity about the demarcation of responsibilities across three roles:
1) voluntary service roles with communities of recovery, e.g., the role of the sponsor within Twelve Step programs,
2) clinically-focused addiction treatment specialists (e.g., certified addiction counselors, psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers), and
3) paid and volunteer recovery support specialists (e.g., recovery coaches, personal recovery assistants) working within addiction treatment institutions or freestanding recovery advocacy/support organizations. The purpose of this paper is to enhance understanding of these new recovery support roles by comparing and contrasting these three service roles.
Introduction
New service roles sprout from the soil of unmet need. In the current worlds of addiction treatment and addiction recovery, a new role is emerging to bridge the chasm between brief professional treatment in an institution setting and sustainable recovery within each client's natural environment. This role is embraced under numerous titles: recovery coach, recovery manager, recovery mentor, recovery support specialist, recovery guide, personal recovery assistant, and helping healer. This role has been described in an earlier essay on peer based recovery support services (White, 2004b) and will be referred to generically as recovery coach in this essay.
The growing popularity of the recovery coach (RC) role is evident in both public and private mental health and addiction treatment organizations. Peer-based service models are growing rapidly in the mental health service arena, particularly for clients with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders (Mowbray, Moxley, Jasper & Howell, 1997; Davidson, Harding & Spaniol, 2005). There is a growing body of mental
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